Recycling and disposal process of waste lead-acid batteries

The recycling process of waste lead-acid batteries is a systematic and rigorous process aimed at reducing environmental pollution and achieving resource recycling. The specific process is as follows:

1. Collection and transportation: Waste lead-acid batteries are transported to the smelting plant warehouse by dedicated environmentally friendly vehicles. During transportation, it is necessary to ensure the integrity of the battery appearance, prevent collisions and squeezing, and avoid electrolyte leakage.
2. Electrolyte treatment: Pour the electrolyte of waste lead-acid batteries into a sedimentation tank, and neutralize and precipitate it by adding chemical reagents to reduce the pollution of sulfuric acid and heavy metal ions to the environment. The treated wastewater must meet the discharge standards before it can be discharged or reused.
3. Disassembly and classification: Professional personnel disassemble waste lead-acid batteries, send the outer shell to a plastic recycling plant for specialized processing, and send the separator to a qualified professional manufacturer for recycling and reuse. Extra care should be taken during the disassembly process to prevent electrolyte overflow.
4. Smelting and Purification: The sorted waste plates are sent to a large reflector furnace for smelting, where lead and other metals are melted and separated through high-temperature smelting, ultimately producing lead ingots for resource recycling. During the smelting process, it is necessary to strictly control the temperature and time to ensure the recovery rate and purity of lead.
5. Wastewater and waste residue treatment: The wastewater generated during the smelting process flows into the sedimentation tank and is treated with drugs together with the electrolyte to ensure water quality safety. The generated waste residue is sent to professional ironworks for treatment to reduce environmental pollution.
6. Waste gas treatment: The waste smoke generated during the smelting process is purified by a bag filter device to ensure that it meets safety emission standards before being discharged. This helps to reduce the pollution of lead containing smoke and dust to the atmospheric environment.

Environmental protection measures to be taken in the recycling process of waste lead-acid batteries

In the process of recycling and processing waste lead-acid batteries, a series of environmental protection measures need to be taken to reduce environmental pollution and achieve resource recycling, as follows:

1、 Collection and transportation process

1. Transport waste lead-acid batteries using specialized and environmentally friendly vehicles that meet leak prevention standards to avoid electrolyte pollution caused by collisions or leaks during transportation.

2. Compliant storage management

   • The storage site should have a rainproof and anti-seepage floor, and be equipped with corrosion-resistant containers and exhaust gas treatment devices.
   • The temporary storage capacity of the collection network shall not exceed 3 tons, and the storage time shall be ≤ 90 days; The storage time at the centralized transfer point is ≤ 1 year.
   • Storage points should have fixed area boundaries, isolation measures taken, and hazardous waste facility signs posted.

3. Transfer manifest system
   The hazardous waste manifest system must be implemented during the transportation process to ensure the traceability of the flow of waste batteries and prevent illegal dumping or dismantling.

2、 Disassembly and pre-processing steps

1. Safe handling of electrolyte
   • Drain the electrolyte into the sedimentation tank, neutralize and precipitate it by adding chemical reagents, and reduce the pollution of sulfuric acid and heavy metal ions to the water.
   • The treated wastewater must meet the discharge standards before it can be discharged or reused.
2. Classification and recycling of shells and partitions
   • The shell is sent to a plastic recycling plant for professional processing to avoid microplastic pollution caused by plastic degradation.
   • Send the partition to qualified professional manufacturers for recycling and reuse to prevent the loss of lead containing materials.

3、 Smelting and purification process

1. The closed smelting process uses a closed reflector furnace for smelting, reducing the unorganized emissions of harmful gases such as lead dust and sulfur dioxide.

2. Exhaust gas purification treatment

   • The waste smoke generated during the smelting process is purified by a bag filter device to ensure that the lead dust emission concentration is ≤ 8mg/m ³ (some standards require a lower value).
   • Construct a supporting acid mist absorption system to reduce the pollution of acidic gases to the atmospheric environment.

3. Wastewater recycling

   • The wastewater generated during the smelting process flows into the sedimentation tank and is treated with drugs together with the electrolyte to achieve safe water quality before being reused or discharged in compliance with standards.
   • Some enterprises adopt zero emission technology to recycle all wastewater and reduce water resource consumption.

4. Resource utilization of waste residue

   • The waste residue generated from smelting is sent to a professional ironmaking plant for treatment, or returned to the smelting furnace for reuse according to the lead content.
   • Slag with low lead content can be used as cement raw materials to achieve solid waste reduction and resource utilization.

4、 Whole process monitoring and management

1. Online monitoring equipment
   Enterprises need to install online monitoring equipment for wastewater and exhaust gas to monitor the concentration of pollutant emissions in real time and ensure compliance with emission standards.

2. Soil and groundwater monitoring: Regularly monitor the soil and groundwater in and around the factory, assess the impact of the treatment process on the environment, and take timely improvement measures.

3. Personnel Health Management
   Regularly conduct health checks on all staff, equip them with protective equipment, and reduce occupational exposure risks.

5、 Policy and standard support

1. According to the Action Plan for Pollution Prevention and Control of Waste Lead Acid Batteries, lead-acid battery production enterprises need to implement the responsibility of "whoever produces, who recycles" and establish a recycling system that matches sales volume.

2. Technical specifications and emission standards

   • Following the Technical Specifications for Pollution Control of Waste Lead Acid Battery Treatment (HJ 519-2020), clarify the technical requirements for collection, storage, transportation, and resource recycling.
   • The lead recovery rate should be ≥ 98%, and the concentration of lead dust emissions in smelting waste gas should be ≤ lower standard values to promote industry technological upgrading.

3. The information traceability system records the entire process of recycling, transportation, and disposal of waste batteries through information technology, achieving traceable sources, traceable destinations, and accountability.

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