Related laws and regulations on electric bicycles in Spain

Spain's laws and regulations on electric bicycles mainly follow EU standards and have made specific provisions based on the country's actual situation.

1、 Vehicle Classification and Technical Standards

1. Electric assisted bicycles (EPAC)
   • Definition: A bicycle equipped with pedals, equipped with one or more power assists, with a maximum output power not exceeding 250 watts and a maximum speed not exceeding 25 kilometers per hour.
   • Legal status: Regarded as a bicycle, it can be driven on the road without a driver's license, insurance, or registration.
   • Technical standards: It must comply with the EU EN 15194:2017 standard, including rated voltage not exceeding 48V, maximum power-off speed not exceeding 25km/h, maximum continuous power not exceeding 250W, etc.
2. electric bicycle
   • Definition: A two wheeled vehicle primarily powered by electricity, with a maximum driving speed of less than 25 kilometers per hour, and a vehicle weight (excluding batteries) of less than 40 kilograms.
   • Legal status: If it meets relevant technical standards, it is also considered a bicycle and enjoys the same legal treatment as EPAC.

2、 Rider Qualification

• Age limit: The minimum age limit for riding electric bicycles is not explicitly mentioned, but it is recommended that riders have the corresponding riding ability. For electric motorcycles, it is usually necessary to be at least 18 years old and hold a valid motorcycle license (Class A1 or A2) or a car license (Class B) for at least 3 years.
• Driver's license requirements: Electric bicycle riders do not need a driver's license, but must comply with traffic rules to ensure safe riding.

3、 Road Usage Rules

1. Driving lane: Electric bicycles should be driven on the bicycle lane or on the right side of the road. On roads with a speed limit of 50 kilometers per hour or less on motor vehicle lanes, riders are free to choose between motor vehicle lanes or bicycle lanes; If the speed limit on the motor vehicle lane exceeds 50 kilometers per hour, the bicycle lane must be used.
2. Overtaking rules: When overtaking, a minimum lateral distance of 1.5 meters must be maintained between the vehicle and the bicycle, and the driver must reduce the overtaking speed to 20 kilometers per hour slower than the normal speed.
3. Traffic signals and signs: Comply with all traffic signals and signs, including rules such as parking and yielding, priority passage, etc. Use gestures to indicate when turning to ensure safety.

4、 Requirements for safety equipment

1. Helmets: Riders are required to wear helmets unless there is a medical exemption. This regulation is crucial for all cyclists, especially in road environments with high safety requirements.
2. Vehicle equipment: Electric bicycles need to be equipped with effective braking systems, front and rear marker lights, bells or horns, and reflective devices to ensure driving safety at night and in adverse weather conditions.

5、 Registration and Insurance Regulations

• Registration requirements: Electric bicycles can be driven on the road without registration.
• Insurance regulations: Electric bicycles do not need to purchase mandatory insurance. However, for certain types of electric motorcycles or light motorcycles, it may be necessary to purchase corresponding insurance.

6、 Other regulations

1. Oppose illegal modification: The Spanish government opposes illegal modification of electric bicycles, such as increasing power output and exceeding the designed maximum speed limit. These behaviors will turn electric bicycles into motor vehicles, subject to motorcycle regulations, and may face legal penalties.
2. Traffic Rule Adjustment: The Spanish government is adjusting traffic rules to strengthen protection for cyclists, including increasing safety distance requirements for overtaking and reducing overtaking speeds.

7、 Parking regulations

• Electric bicycles must comply with local parking regulations when parking and are not allowed to park on sidewalks or in areas where parking is prohibited. Specific parking rules may vary by region, and it is recommended that cyclists understand and comply with them in advance.

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