Home / Company Listings / LN Energy Technology Co., Ltd. / News

  • What are the typical capacity specifications for electric bicycle batteries

    2025-09-27

    The capacity specifications of electric bicycle batteries are usually measured in ampere hours (Ah), and mainstream capacity specifications include; 10Ah、12Ah、16Ah、20Ah、32Ah、40Ah Wait, some high-end models or special purpose batteries may reach; 45Ah Even higher. The following are specific classifications and analyse...

  • What are the disadvantages of all solid state batteries

    2025-09-27

    Although all solid state batteries have advantages in safety, energy density, and cycle life, their disadvantages are also significant, mainly reflected in the following aspects:1. High cost: The commercialization threshold remains highRaw material cost: The price of sulfide solid electrolytes (such as lithium sulfide)...

  • 172025-06

    Norway's relevant laws and regulations on electric bicycles

    Norway's management of electric bicycles follows EU standards and has formulated specific regulations based on the country's actual situation.1、 Vehicle Classification and Technical StandardsLegal status: In Norway, electric bicycles are classified as ordinary bicycles and can be driven on the road without special permission.Technical standard: Electric bicycles must comply with the EU EN 15194 standard, with specific requirements including:Motor power: The rated power shall not exceed 0.25 kilowatts (250 watts).Power assist: The auxiliary motor only provides power when stepping on the pedal or using a manual speed controller.Speed limit: When only using the auxiliary motor, the bicycle is limited to a speed of 25 kilometers per hour.2、 Rider QualificationAge limit: Norway does not have a mandatory age limit for electric bicycle riders, but it is recommended that riders have the appropriate riding ability to ensure

  • 162025-06

    Top 20 countries in terms of global popularity of electric bicycles by 2025

    1. ChinaMarket position: The world's largest producer and consumer of electric bicycles, with a total ownership of over 350 million units and an annual output accounting for over 60% of the global total.Policy driven: The new national standard "Safety Technical Specifications for Electric Bicycles" promotes the intelligent upgrading of the industry, and many regions implement "trade in" subsidies (such as the highest subsidy of 1200 yuan in Beijing).Technology trend: The industry is transforming towards "smart terminals", integrating functions such as Beidou positioning and AI ride optimization. Leading brands such as Yadea and Aima are accelerating their global layout.2. GermanyMarket growth: In Q1 2025, the sales of pure electric vehicles increased by 38.9% year-on-year. Due to strict EU carbon emission regulations, there is strong demand for electrification of enterprise fleets.Policy s

  • 152025-06

    Related laws and regulations on electric bicycles in Spain

    Spain's laws and regulations on electric bicycles mainly follow EU standards and have made specific provisions based on the country's actual situation.1、 Vehicle Classification and Technical StandardsElectric assisted bicycles (EPAC)Definition: A bicycle equipped with pedals, equipped with one or more power assists, with a maximum output power not exceeding 250 watts and a maximum speed not exceeding 25 kilometers per hour.Legal status: Regarded as a bicycle, it can be driven on the road without a driver's license, insurance, or registration.Technical standards: It must comply with the EU EN 15194:2017 standard, including rated voltage not exceeding 48V, maximum power-off speed not exceeding 25km/h, maximum continuous power not exceeding 250W, etc.electric bicycleDefinition: A two wheeled vehicle primarily powered by electricity, with a maximum driving speed of less than 25 kilometers per hour, and a vehicle we

  • 112025-06

    Belgium's laws and regulations on electric bicycles

    Belgium's laws and regulations on electric bicycles (E-bikes) mainly involve vehicle classification, technical standards, rider qualifications, road use rules, and safety equipment requirements. The following are detailed regulations based on the organization of public information:1、 Vehicle Classification and Technical StandardsPower and speed limitationsOrdinary electric bicycles: The maximum rated power is usually 250 watts, and the maximum design speed does not exceed 25 kilometers per hour (some sources mention 25 miles per hour, about 40 kilometers per hour, but subject to local regulations in Belgium). This type of vehicle is classified as a bicycle and can be driven on the road without a driver's license, insurance, or registration.Speed Pedelecs: With a power output of up to 4000 watts and a top speed of 45 kilometers per hour (approximately 72 kilometers per hour). This type of vehicle is classified as a

  • 102025-06

    Dutch regulations on electric bicycles

    As a globally renowned 'kingdom of bicycles', the Netherlands has strict and detailed regulations on the management of electric bicycles, covering multiple dimensions such as vehicle standards, riding rules, safety equipment, and road permissions. The following is a summary of specific regulations:1、 Vehicle Technical StandardsSpeed and power limitsMaximum speed: The pedal assist speed limit for electric bicycles is 25 kilometers per hour, and the motor power must not exceed 250 watts.Speed limit: Some cities (such as Amsterdam) further limit speed through "intelligent speed adaptation systems", such as reducing the maximum speed from 50 kilometers per hour to 30 kilometers per hour.Vehicle classificationElectric bicycle (E-bike): It must comply with the EU EPAC standard, mainly with pedal assistance, and pure electric drive is prohibited.Light electric vehicles, such as electric scooters, are required to

  • 092025-06

    Italy's regulations on electric bicycles

    1、 Legal Definition and Classification StandardsAccording to the Italian Highway Law and the latest traffic regulations, electric bicycles must meet the following core conditions:Technical parameter limitationsMaximum speed: The auxiliary speed of the electric motor shall not exceed 25 kilometers per hour (the motor will automatically power off after overspeeding).Motor power: rated power not exceeding 0.25 kilowatts (approximately 0.34 horsepower).Starting method: The motor must be driven by foot pedal (i.e. "manual+electric" hybrid mode).Weight limit: The total weight of the vehicle (including the battery) must not exceed 55 kilograms.Definition of illegal modificationIf a vehicle is modified to accelerate without pedaling, exceed a speed of 25 kilometers per hour, or exceed the motor power limit, it is classified as a light motorcycle (subject to motorcycle regulations).2、 Driving Qualification and Vehicle Req

  • 062025-06

    Regulations on electric bicycles in France

    1、 Legal Definition and ClassificationTechnical parameter limitationsMotor power: The maximum continuous rated power shall not exceed 250 watts.Speed limit: When the vehicle speed reaches 25 kilometers per hour (approximately 15.5 miles per hour), the electric motor must stop assisting.Pedal requirement: A pedal that can actually drive the vehicle must be equipped to ensure that it can be ridden manually when the power is exhausted.Compliance vehicle rightsNo driver's license, road tax, insurance, or vehicle registration is required to hit the road.It can be driven on bicycle lanes, public roads, and areas where bicycles are allowed to pass.Handling of vehicles exceeding the standardVehicles that do not meet the standards (such as exceeding power, speed limits, or having no pedals) will be considered motorcycles or light motorcycles and must comply with motor vehicle management regulations:Register and pay taxesPurchas

  • 052025-06

    Germany's regulations on electric bicycles

    1、 Legal Definition and ClassificationEU standards and German classificationPedelec definition: According to EU Directive 2002/24/EC, electric bicycles must have pedal assist function, and the continuous rated power of the electric motor should not exceed 250W, with a maximum speed limit of 25 kilometers per hour. This type of vehicle is called "Pedelec" in Germany and can be driven on the road without a driver's license, road tax, or insurance.Excessive vehicle management: If an electric bicycle exceeds the power or speed limit (such as a speed of over 25 kilometers per hour), it is considered a motorcycle and must comply with motorcycle regulations, including registration, taxation, insurance purchase, and helmet wearing requirements.2、 User Qualificationage limitThe minimum age for riding an electric bicycle is 14 years old, and children under 14 years old must ride under adult supervision.Driver's lic

  • 042025-06

    Regulations on electric bicycles in the UK

    1、 Legal Definition and ClassificationIn the UK, electric bicycles are clearly classified as Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycles (EAPC), with the following legal definitions and standards:Technical parameter limitationsMotor power: The maximum continuous rated power shall not exceed 250 watts.Speed limit: When the vehicle speed reaches 15.5 miles per hour (approximately 24.8 kilometers per hour), the electric motor must stop assisting.Pedal requirement: A pedal that can actually drive the vehicle must be equipped to ensure that it can be ridden manually when the power is exhausted.Number of wheels: Can have two or more wheels (such as tricycles).Compliance vehicle rightsNo driver's license, road tax, insurance, or vehicle registration is required to hit the road.It can be driven on bicycle lanes, public roads, and areas where bicycles are allowed to pass.Handling of vehicles exceeding the standardVehicles that do not me

  • 032025-06

    What is low voltage protection for electric bicycles

    1、 Definition and core principles of low voltage protectionLow voltage protection (undervoltage protection) is a safety mechanism in the battery management system (BMS) or controller of electric bicycles. When the battery voltage drops to the preset minimum safety threshold, the system will automatically cut off the motor power supply and prompt the user through the dashboard or voice to "undervoltage" and require timely charging. The core principle is as follows:Voltage monitoring and threshold settingEach battery cell has an optimal operating voltage range. When the voltage drops to the threshold (such as the 48V battery pack undervoltage value usually being 41V), the controller detects an abnormality through the voltage sensor and triggers protection.Typical threshold example: 36V battery pack undervoltage protection is activated at 30-33V, and 48V battery pack is activated at around 41V.Protecting LogicThe vo

  • 022025-06

    What battery is safer to choose for electric bicycles

    1、 Battery Type Selection: Safety PriorityLithium Ion BatteryTechnical specifications: It must comply with the "Safety Technical Specification for Lithium ion Batteries for Electric Bicycles" (GB 43854-2024), which requires mandatory passing of overcharge (1.5 times voltage), needle puncture, short circuit and other tests.Recommended type:Lithium manganese iron phosphate battery: high safety, long cycle life, and low difficulty in passing the new national standard test.Lithium iron phosphate battery: Strong chemical stability, excellent high-temperature performance, but slightly lower energy density.Prohibited type: High nickel ternary lithium batteries (such as nickel cobalt manganese and nickel cobalt aluminum) will gradually be phased out of the market due to difficulties in passing needle puncture tests.Lead acid batterySafety: The chemical properties are stable, and it is not easy to catch fire when overchar

  • 302025-05

    Precautions for selecting an electric bicycle charger

    1、 Core principle: Matching technical parametersvoltage matchingKey principle: The output voltage of the charger must be strictly consistent with the rated voltage of the battery.Common voltages: 48V, 60V, 72V, etc.Risk: Voltage mismatch can cause the battery to be undercharged or overcharged, which may lead to battery swelling, shortened lifespan, and even fire risk in the long term.Example:48V batteries (such as 48V12Ah, 48V20Ah) require the selection of a 48V charger;A 60V charger is required for 60V batteries (such as 60V20Ah).current matchRecommended range: The recommended output current of the charger is 0.1-0.2 times the battery capacity (such as choosing a 1.2-2.4A charger for a 12Ah battery).Low current: Charging time is too long, affecting usage efficiency;Excessive current: may damage the battery and shorten its lifespan due to heat generation.Common configurations:48V12Ah battery: 1.2A-2.4A charger;48V20Ah batt

  • 292025-05

    48 volt electric bicycle range test data

    1、 Core Data: Laboratory vs Real SceneStandard test dataLaboratory conditions (25 ℃ constant temperature, 50kg load, 15km/h constant speed):48V12Ah battery: theoretical range of about 36-48 kilometers.48V20Ah battery: theoretical range of about 60-80 kilometers (some brands claim up to 80 kilometers).Actual road condition test:The 48V20Ah battery has a range of about 55-60 kilometers in summer and drops to 30-35 kilometers in winter (5 ℃).Typical case: Yadi 48V20Ah model, tested at 25 ℃ for 58 kilometers, reduced to 32 kilometers in winter (minus 3 ℃).User test casesViolent cycling test: After upgrading the Super Micro Black Gold Graphene battery (23Ah), a user maintained a daily load capacity and frequent rapid acceleration, and still maintained a range of 70 kilometers in spring and summer seasons.Takeout scenario: The 72V38Ah battery can carry 90 kilograms in summer and run for 138 kilometers, while in winter, it can la

  • 282025-05

    Remaining capacity detection of electric vehicle batteries: methods, tools, and precautions

    1、 Four core detection methods 1. Discharge testing method (most accurate) Principle: Discharge the battery to the termination voltage with a constant current, using the formula; Capacity (Ah)=Discharge current (A) Discharge time (h) Calculate the actual capacity. Tool: Professional discharge tester (such as Songke pilot battery module testing cabinet). Operation: Connect the load resistor and set the discharge current (recommended 0.5C, i.e. 2-hour discharge rate). Record the time when the voltage drops to the termination value (such as 10.5V for lead-acid batteries). Advantages: Accurate results that can intuitively reflect the degree of battery degradation. Limitations: It takes a long time (2-10 hours) and requires professional equipment. 2.

  • 272025-05

    Common faults and solutions of electric bicycles

    1、 Battery system malfunction1. The battery cannot be charged or is not fully chargedPhenomenon: The charger has no response and the battery level does not increase for a long time.reason:Battery aging (end of life).The internal fuse of the battery is blown or has poor contact.Charger malfunction (no output voltage or abnormal indicator light).solve:Replace the aging battery, check and replace the fuse.Adjust the contact between the battery and the safety seat to ensure stability.Replace or repair the charger and avoid using non original equipment.2. Significant decrease in battery lifePhenomenon: The driving range is significantly reduced when fully charged.reason:Single battery damage (such as inconsistent voltage).Low temperature environment leads to a decrease in the efficiency of active substances.solve:Use professional equipment to test the battery pack and replace faulty units.Avoid charging below 0 ℃ and store at 5

  • 262025-05

    The impact of fast and slow charging on battery life

    1、 Core conclusion: Fast charging has a more significant impact on battery lifeData support:Laboratory cycling tests have shown that under the same number of cycles, the capacity decay of fast charging batteries is 15% -30% faster than that of slow charging.Tesla Model 3 actual test: After using Super Fast Charge (250kW) 500 times, the battery health (SOH) decreased to 87%, while the SOH remained at 92% after using Home Slow Charge (7kW) 500 times.2、 Three major mechanisms of fast charging acceleration and decayLithium dendrite growthPrinciple: During fast charging, lithium ions quickly embed into the negative electrode, and some lithium ions do not enter the layered structure, depositing on the surface to form dendrites.Consequence: Dendrite piercing through the diaphragm leads to internal short circuit and accelerated capacity decay.Case: Due to frequent fast charging, the battery capacity of a certain brand of electric

  • 242025-05

    Complete Guide to Electric Vehicle Battery Maintenance: 20 Golden Rules for Scientifically Extending Life

    1、 Optimization of charging habitsShallow charging and discharging, refuse overloadBattery window: Maintain 20% -80% battery level for daily use, avoiding battery levels below 10% or fully charged to 100%.Data support: Deep charging and discharging (0-100%) of lithium batteries results in a lifespan decay of approximately 0.1%, while shallow charging and discharging only cause a decay of 0.05%.The original charger is irreplaceableRisk warning: Non original chargers may cause overcharging (voltage fluctuation 5%), unstable current, and battery swelling.Case: A certain brand of electric vehicle experienced a 60% decrease in battery capacity within 3 months due to the use of third-party fast charging.Regular deep charging and dischargingCalibration cycle: Perform 0-100% charging and discharging every 3 months to correct BMS power calculation errors.Operation points: Start charging when discharging to 15% to avoid complete de

  • 232025-05

    Guidelines for selecting electric vehicle battery cells

    What type of battery cell is good for electric vehicles?There are three main types of electric vehicle battery cells: lithium-ion batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, and solid-state batteries. Among them, lithium-ion batteries have become mainstream due to their advantages such as high energy density and long cycle life, and are further subdivided into lithium iron phosphate (LFP), ternary materials (NCM/NCA), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), and lithium titanate (LTO). Lithium iron phosphate batteries are known for their safety and cost advantages, making them suitable for users who value cost-effectiveness; Ternary material battery cells have higher energy density and are suitable for users who pursue long battery life, but the cost is also relatively high. In addition, the shape of the battery cell is also a factor to consider when choosing. Cylindrical battery cells have mature technology and good heat dissipation, but

  • 222025-05

    EU imposes voltage and capacity restrictions on electric bicycle batteries

    1、 EU Core Regulation: 48V Voltage Cap and Capacity Durability RequirementsVoltage Classification Standard (EN 50604-1)Class A: DC voltage 60V (covering the vast majority of electric bicycle batteries).Class B:60V< DC voltage 1500V (applicable to high-performance electric motorcycles or special vehicles).Mandatory requirement: The EU standard for electric assisted bicycles (EPAC/EN 15194) specifies that the battery voltage must not exceed 48VDC, and the power must gradually decrease until power is cut off when the speed reaches 25km/h.Capacity and performance requirementsLight duty vehicle batteries (LMT): They must meet the capacity durability testing requirements of the EU's new battery law (EU 2023/1542) to ensure stable battery life throughout their lifespan.Test items: including vibration impact, thermal cycling, overcharge protection, etc., simulating extreme usage scenarios.2、 Differentiated regulations amo

  • 212025-05

    Comparison of Range between 36V20AH and 48V20AH Electric Bicycle Batteries

    1、 Theoretical endurance calculationThe core indicator of range is the energy stored in the battery (watt hours, Wh), calculated as follows:Energy (Wh)=Voltage (V) Capacity (Ah)36V20Ah battery: 36V 20Ah= 720Wh48V20Ah battery: 48V 20Ah= 960WhTheoretical endurance difference:48V battery has higher energy than 36V battery; 33.3%, under identical usage conditions (such as motor efficiency, vehicle weight, road conditions, etc.), the 48V20Ah battery has a longer range, with a theoretical difference of about 33%.2、 Factors affecting actual battery lifeThe actual battery life is affected by multiple variables, and the advantages of 48V batteries may be further amplified or reduced:Motor Efficiency48V system: usually matched with higher power motors (such as 500W-1000W), with higher efficiency during high-speed cruising (about 85% -90%).36V system: The motor power is relatively low (such as 250W-350W), and the efficiency is s